Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

What is tricuspid valve stenosis?

The tricuspid valve is a crucial component of the heart’s intricate system, responsible for regulating blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle. Tricuspid valve stenosis is a cardiac condition characterised by the narrowing or constriction of the tricuspid valve. This constriction impedes the normal blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle, imposing an additional workload on the heart and potentially leading to severe complications.

Types of tricuspid valve stenosis

Tricuspid valve stenosis can manifest in different forms, each presenting distinct challenges and considerations for medical professionals. Two primary types include:

• Rheumatic tricuspid valve stenosis:
  This type is often a consequence of rheumatic fever, an inflammatory condition resulting from untreated streptococcal infections. Rheumatic tricuspid valve stenosis involves the scarring and thickening of the valve’s leaflets, compromising its ability to open fully.
• Degenerative tricuspid valve stenosis:
  Unlike the rheumatic form, degenerative tricuspid valve stenosis is typically associated with aging or wear-and-tear on the valve. Calcium deposits can accumulate, causing stiffness and reduced flexibility in the valve leaflets.

Causes of tricuspid valve stenosis

Several factors contribute to the development of tricuspid valve stenosis. The most common causes include:

• Rheumatic fever:
  Untreated streptococcal infections, particularly in childhood, can lead to rheumatic fever, increasing the risk of tricuspid valve stenosis.
• Age-related degeneration:
  As individuals age, the tricuspid valve may undergo degenerative changes, resulting in stenosis.
• Infective endocarditis:
  Bacterial infections affecting the inner lining of the heart can lead to damage and scarring of the tricuspid valve, causing stenosis.

Symptoms of tricuspid valve stenosis

Identifying the signs and symptoms of tricuspid valve stenosis is crucial for early intervention. Common indicators include:

• Fatigue and weakness:
  Reduced blood flow can lead to decreased oxygen supply to the body, causing fatigue and weakness.
• Fluid retention:
  Stagnant blood flow can result in fluid accumulation, leading to swelling in the abdomen and extremities.
• Shortness of breath:
  As the heart struggles to pump blood efficiently, individuals may experience shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.

Treatment available for tricuspid valve stenosis

Addressing tricuspid valve stenosis often requires a multi-faceted approach. Treatment options may include:

• Medications:
  Diuretics can help manage fluid retention, while anticoagulants may prevent clot formation.
• Balloon valvuloplasty:
  In some cases, a minimally invasive procedure called balloon valvuloplasty can be employed to widen the narrowed valve using a balloon catheter.
• Surgical replacement:
  For severe cases, surgical replacement of the tricuspid valve may be necessary. Minimally invasive tricuspid valve replacement is an advanced surgical technique that offers reduced recovery times and improved outcomes.

Risks & complications associated with tricuspid valve stenosis

Neglecting tricuspid valve stenosis can lead to severe complications, including:

• Heart failure:
  The heart’s inability to efficiently pump blood may result in heart failure, a life-threatening condition.
• Arrhythmias:
  Irregular heart rhythms may develop, further compromising the heart’s ability to function effectively.
• Clot formation:
  Stagnant blood flow increases the risk of clot formation, potentially causing strokes or other vascular events.

The responsive team facilitates appointments, and scheduling for a Cardiac Consultation, initially accommodating both in-person and virtual consultations based on patient preferences.